Additionally, IL-22 upregulates expression of Erk1/2-independent genes such as Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2), Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), known for their involvement in the modulation of specific cancer hallmarks [42]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to cancer.