Specifically, IL-19 and IL-20 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), Akt, and Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) (Figure 2) in different human cancers, such as esophageal [38] and prostate [39] cell lines. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and cancer.