VCAM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: It has been shown that tumor cells, like Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells, could secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), which induce the expression of adhesion molecules, such as intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin by BMECs [14,15,16,17,18].