Studies have shown that the level of pan-histone lysine lactylation is significantly increased in senescent microglia of naturally senescent mice and AD mice; histone lactylation (H3K18), especially, can stimulate the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, thereby upregulating the aging-related secretory phenotypic components IL-6 and IL-8 [77]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.