Epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related genes (ITGB1, VIM, MMP2, COL1A1, TWIST1, CTNNB1, FN1, SNAI2, ITGB6, CDH1, CDH2, MMP9, ZEB1, and FOXC2) showed the highest mean Z-score expression in CL3, moderate levels in CL2, and generally lower expression in CL4 relative to the other tumor clusters (Figure 4f). Here, COL1A1 is linked to neoplasm.