When the definition was shifted to UPF2, we found positive and significant associations between diabetes and depression in both groups after stratification, but the strength and significance of the association was higher in the high UPF consumption group (OR: 3.551, 95% CI: 1.394 to 9.046 for high UPF consumption vs. OR: 1.211, 95% CI: 1.023 to 1.434 for low UPF consumption). Here, UPF2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.