ARG1 and neoplasm: Our results reveled that patients who did not gain muscle mass had higher soluble levels of mucin 16 (MUC16), arginase 1 (ARG1), and interleukin 12 receptor beta 1 subunit (IL12RB1) (three mediators associated with tumor progression, immune suppression, and chronic inflammation) compared to their counterparts from the standard ONS group (Figure 3).