TGFA and injury: Research has shown that the contents of EGFR ligands (such as epidermal growth factor EGF and TGF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with acute lung injury increase, while the expression of EGFR mRNA in lung tissue is upregulated in a time-dependent manner, leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability and aggravated neutrophil infiltration, suggesting that EGFR overactivation can exacerbate the pathological process of HALI [25].