NFE2L2 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: In cerulein + LPS-induced severe AP, selenium was shown to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling while inhibiting the MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 pathways, thereby reducing pancreatic and pulmonary injury and decreasing the serum levels of amylase, lipase, and pro-inflammatory mediators [169].