For instance, recent proteomic studies demonstrate that ApoE4 confers a systemic, pro-inflammatory immune signature across multiple neurodegenerative proteinopathies, including AD, FTD, PD, and ALS, independent of the specific proteinopathy (e.g., amyloid, tau, TDP-43, α-synuclein) [34]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.