Across multiple preclinical tumor models, RT has been shown to increase the expression of cytokines such as IL-1β, GM-CSF (CSF2), and G-CSF (CSF3), along with chemokines including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL5 [130]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and neoplasm.