Similarly, HBV infection, particularly in endemic areas such as SSA and East Asia, has been associated with abnormal DNA methylation of cancer-related genes, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), commonly known as p16INK4a, and Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1A), both of which play critical roles in liver carcinogenesis [101]. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and cancer.