VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Additionally, with the recent approval of combination atezolizumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and bevacizumab (VEGF inhibitor) and combination durvalumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) and tremelimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor) as front-line therapeutics in HCC, niclosamide has strong potential as a combination therapeutic improving ICI efficacy.