VEGFA and cancer: Today, curcumin is studied as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compound because of its ability to modify key biochemical pathways including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Janus-activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), caspase cascades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [6,7,8,9,10,11].