PGF and neoplasm: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, has emerged as a key player in tumor biology, with roles in angiogenesis and tumor progression through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and placental growth factor (PlGF) signaling pathways [13,22,23].