Specifically, the combination of Mel with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) has been shown to work through multiple mechanisms [25, 26], such as promoting apoptosis by enhancing oxidative activity, regulating the PI3K/Akt and Erk signalling pathways to induce cell death, stimulating MT3 receptors for neuroprotective and antitumour effects, regulating cancer stem cells, and modulating immune responses [27]. Here, AKT1 is linked to cancer.