APP and Alzheimer disease: In an APP/PS1 mouse model for AD, a mixture of L. paracasei D3.5, L. rhamnosus D4.4, L. plantarum D6.2, L. rhamnosus D7.5, L. plantarum D13.4, E. raffinosus D24.1, E. INBio D24.2, E. avium D25.1, E. avium D25.2 and E. avium D26.1 improved cognitive function by enhancing BBB and intestinal barrier integrity, reducing activated microglia, and reducing IL-6 and TNF-α within the brain, plasma, and intestines [370].