G6PD and axial length measurement: Phenolic compounds can positively contribute to increasing plasma antioxidant capacity via GSH concentrations and stimulating the activity of glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.41 A reduction in GSH reflects alcohol-related depletion, increased oxidative stress, and impaired immune response.32,42 The increased lymphocytes and decreased neutrophils in the AL group support oxidative imbalance in immune dysregulation.