Further studies have shown that SW could attenuate NAFLD and metabolic alterations in fructose-fed mice by inhibiting hepatic inflammatory responses and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, enhancing the antioxidant defense system, reducing hepatic steatosis, and downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-controlling factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) [53]. Here, XDH is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.