Meanwhile, Sap C, as a multipotential regulator of PCa and stromal cells, can upregulate the expression of urokinase-type fibrinogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and the immediate-early gene c-Jun in a cell-type-specific manner and stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in prostate stromal and carcinoma cells, as well as activate p42/44 MAPK and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (SAPK/JNK) pathways [168]. Here, PLAUR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.