TNF and liver dysplastic nodule: Elevated expression of circ_ACTR2 and HMGA2, along with concomitant suppression of miR-205-5p, was observed in the kidney tissues of patients with DN and HG-treated human renal MCs (HRMCs), circ_ACTR2 showed a negative correlation with miR-205-5p expression, silencing circ_ACTR2 partially restored miR-205-5p levels, thereby inhibiting HG-induced HRMC proliferation, attenuating inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6 and TNF-α), reducing ECM accumulation, and modulating OS markers through increased SOD activity and decreased MDA levels (106).