SIRT3 and liver dysplastic nodule: This indicates that urinary exosome miR-516b-5p promotes inflammatory responses and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes through the SIRT3/AMPK pathway, playing a key role in DN, the study also found that urinary exosomes containing miR-145-5p in patients with DN promote podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting Srgap2 and subsequently activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, however, the presence of miR-145-5p inhibitors or Srgap2 overexpression partially reversed this effect (130).