The results of our study support the view that BHB is concentration-dependently anti-inflammatory for mouse microglia and provide a potential clue as to why the KD increases synaptic plasticity and memory in the mouse models of AD PS1/APP (Di Lucente et al., 2024a) and 5XFAD (Wu et al., 2020; Di Lucente et al., 2024b). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.