The goal of this work was to establish whether or not BHB has concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on mouse microglial cells, which could explain the KD’s reduction of inflammatory cytokines systemically in mice (Zhou et al., 2023), the KD’s unique memory benefit vs. CD (Roberts et al., 2017), and the KD and BHB’s anti-inflammatory and pro-memory benefit in mouse AD models PS1/APP (Jin et al., 2023) and 5XFAD (Wu et al., 2020; Di Lucente et al., 2024b). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.