TGFB1 and Sepsis: A growing body of research has unveiled several novel biomarkers, including fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sST2, Lp-PLA2, and Lipocalin 10, that hold potential value for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI).Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, has garnered attention due to its significant correlation with organ injury and the severity of sepsis.