NR1H4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: reviewed the complex interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiome and their impact on the development of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer, highlighting bile acid metabolism, changes in microbiome composition, and their roles in colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma by affecting the bile acid-sensitive receptors farnesol X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5), it provides a new perspective for understanding the role of bile acid-microbiota axis in gastrointestinal diseases (Jia et al., 2018).