IGF1 and neoplasm: IGF-1 and GH have mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects and, in addition to their proliferative effects on normal tissues, are also involved in the occurrence and development processes of various neoplasms, including creating an environment favorable for neoplasm occurrence and promoting the growth of potential neoplasms in the body (Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism, 2013; Pan and Du, 2024).