Several SPMs have been shown to reduce LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, and IL-6), chemokines (such as keratinocyte-derived chemokine, MCP-1, and MIP-1), thereby attenuating LPS-induced ALI and improving survival in septic mice (Gong et al., 2014; Jin et al., 2007; Walker et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011; Xia et al., 2020). Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.