It's important to note that while MCF-7 cells were chosen due to their estrogen receptor positivity and well-characterized apoptotic signaling pathways (Clarke et al. 2021), further evaluation of BITC and CA combinations in other breast cancer subtypes particularly triple-negative lines such as MDA-MB-231 will be necessary to establish the broader applicability of these findings. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is breast cancer.