To further investigate these differences, we measured fasting lipids, insulin resistance (Homestatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), and plasma inflammatory and gut biomarkers in youth (gut integrity markers included the intestinal fatty acid binding protein, the fungal translocation marker β D glucan [BDG], and the microbial translocation marker lipopolysaccharide binding protein) with and without PHIV on a contemporary ART regimen from 2 separate sites in Uganda, a rural and urban site. The gene discussed is LBP; the disease is Insulin resistance.