Cross-species evidence from NAFLD/NASH further reveals that myeloid-derived miR-223 suppresses fibrotic genes (e.g., TAZ, NLRP3) in hepatocytes via exosomal transfer, with LDLR/APOE-dependent endocytosis facilitating uptake in both species (34, 35). Here, APOE is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.