Notably, in Sardinian population, the HLA-G UTR-1 haplotype is associated with three HLA-G alleles: HLA-G*01:01:01:01, HLA-G*01:01:01:09 and HLA-G*01:01:01:08, which was significantly more frequent in PBC patients compared to controls and AIH patients (0.232% vs 0.125% vs 0.066%). The gene discussed is HLA-G; the disease is primary biliary cholangitis.