In contrast, Rapid Decline showed increased β-amyloid (bA), glial and inflammatory markers (CD44, PLXNB1), and stress- and mitochondrial-related proteins (GSTP1, AK4, HSPB2, FBXO2, IGFBP5), which have been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD (Yu et al., 2018; Sullivan et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP5 and Alzheimer disease.