GDF15 and Anorexia: This therapeutic strategy is particularly interesting because chemotherapy-induced anorexia and weight loss is known to be attenuated in GDF-15 knockout mice and higher GDF-15 has been associated with lower extremity muscle endurance in another study of patients with HF and healthy adults.23, 37 Furthermore, a phase 2 study of the GDF-15 antibody ponsegromab recently achieved a dose-dependent weight gain for patients with cancer cachexia,38 raising the possibility of a therapeutic opportunity in patients with cardiac cachexia.