PCNA and cancer: Figure 8C displays the expression of canonical markers for the identified cell types. Following this, we isolated the cancer epithelial cells and performed pseudotime trajectory analysis using Monocle. This analysis revealed three cell states originating from a single branch point. With increasing pseudotime, cells transitioned from state 1 to states 2 and 3 (Figure 8D). Notably, SHCBP1 expression rose as pseudotime increased and was more expressed in states 2 and 3 compared with state 1 (Figure 8E). We annotated cell states with canonical markers, such as CD44, PCNA, and MKI67 (Figure 8F).