CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma: TACE induces the release of tumor antigens and proinflammatory cytokines, and locally triggers immunogenic cell death in HCC to further enhance immune responses (18); The chemotherapeutic agents in HAIC modulate the immune microenvironment by enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors, which may synergize with ICIs to achieve better outcomes (19, 20);Lu et al.