ATXN3 and neurodegenerative disease: Multidisciplinary care should include: physical therapy 3x/wk for gait training,[17] speech therapy for dysarthria,[1] and genetic counseling for at-risk relatives.[4] Other studies have reported severe but modifiable defects in oligodendrocyte maturation caused by the toxic function acquisition of mutant ATXN3 in the early progression of SCA3 disease, which are rescued by anti ATXN3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in transcription, biochemistry, and function.[15] This indicates the need to consider non-neuronal targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.