MMP1 and hydrops fetalis: We identified 9 inflammatory factors (out of 91) causally associated with HF risk, including 3 risk-promoting factors (interferon gamma: OR = 1.080, matrix metalloproteinase-1: OR = 1.081, tumor necrosis factor-beta: OR = 1.064) and 6 protective factors (CD40L receptor: OR = 0.954, DNER: OR = 0.943, IL-10: OR = 0.950, LIFR: OR = 0.911, TNFSF12: OR = 0.933, uPA: OR = 0.927).