IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These M1 macrophages subsequently release pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, which exaggerate local and systemic inflammatory responses and cause low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, ultimately leading to obesity.[27–29] Furthermore, the intestinal innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) also play an important role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity.