LEP and hyperandrogenism: The negative relationship between leptin and testosterone was described by a previous study that associated raised leptin with good androgen control in CAH.43 However, in our analysis this association was only found in male patients and there was no relationship found between leptin and the other markers of hyperandrogenism, including 17-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione which are commonly used in clinical practice, as well as the two 11-oxygenated androgens, 11-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketotestosterone.