While IFN signaling has been shown to induce responses that can destabilize parasitophorous vacuoles [69], a phenomenon previously reported for Chlamydia inclusions as well [62,70], our prior finding that the STING pathway-dependent induction of type I IFNs is dispensable for host cell death during infection with the cpoS mutant [8], suggests that, in this case, immune signaling may be a response to vacuole damage rather than its cause. Here, IFNA1 is linked to infection.