Compared with Tlr7+/+ Tlr9–/– mice, Tlr779/779 Tlr9–/– mice demonstrated a dramatic amelioration of lupus disease, as evidenced by reduced splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis (GN) and interstitial nephritis (IN) scores (Figure 3, B–D). Here, TLR9 is linked to glomerulonephritis.