PON2 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma: Recent studies have firmly established that PON2 is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, including bladder, gastric, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, and oral cancers, as well as melanoma and leukaemia (Zhao et al. 2016; Bacchetti et al. 2017, 2021; Devarajan et al. 2018; Kamal et al. 2025; Belloni et al. 2025).