Remarkably, the CM from painful schwannoma-derived cell lines of patients with NEC-related SWN (termed NEC-CM) contained higher levels of IL-8, CCL2 and CCL20 than CM from painful schwannoma cell lines of patients with SMARCB1-related SWN (SMARCB1-CM) and CM from painful schwannoma cell lines of patients with LZTR1-related SWN (LZTR1-CM). Here, CCL2 is linked to schwannoma.