Although our study highlights CREB1 as a critical transcriptional regulator of CENPE in ccRCC, contributing to tumour progression and metastasis, research has shown that CREB1 plays a dual role in cancer, functioning as both an oncogene and a tumour suppressor depending on the cancer type, cellular context, and regulatory networks involved. Here, CREB1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.