ARAF and neoplasm: pks+E. coli, along with other potentially pathogenic colonic bacteria, such as toxin‐forming Bacteroides fragilis (significantly enriched in three studies) have been reported as potential ‘driver’ organisms, producing DNA damaging compounds, in comparison to the ‘passengers’ (including Fusobacterium nucleatum and other oral bacteria), which are able to colonise the tumour microenvironment and promote tumorigenesis [67].