INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, even low-intensity exercise, which does not significantly improve blood glucose levels, has been reported to be beneficial for muscle function and motor neuron integrity [14]. In this study, an insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes model induced by STZ was used, and therefore, exercise therapy did not result in significant improvements in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the observed functional recovery was likely due to the release of neurotrophic factors induced by muscle and nerve activity rather than blood glucose control.