LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The significant elevation of leptin levels in obese PCOS patients (24.5 ± 6.2 ng/mL vs. 14.2 ± 5.8 ng/mL, p<0.001) is in line with studies by Peng et al. and Sunita et al., demonstrating hyperleptinemia in obesity-associated PCOS [11,12].