Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antagonists, provide bladder-preserving options by restoring tumor-specific T-cell responses through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and have demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy (Liu et al., 2024; Rhea et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.