IL1B and colorectal carcinoma: In comparison to previous UC and CRC gene signature studies (Chen et al., 2021; Shi et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2022; Horaira et al., 2023; Chadha, 2025), which predominantly uncovered overlapping inflammation- and immune-related biomarkers (e.g., IL1B, CXCL10) through standard differential expression or network analyses, our study takes a fundamentally different approach.