However, several major challenges still hinder its clinical application [8]: (1) TME harbors immunosuppressive networks—including regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10—that weaken anti-tumor immune surveillance and facilitate tumor immune escape. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.