CYP3A4 and pulmonary tuberculosis: This has been demonstrated in vitro, where a concentration-dependent effect from rifampicin on CYP3A4 induction was shown in liver cell lines [20], and among pulmonary TB patients (n = 24), where higher doses of rifampicin (40 mg/kg) reduced exposure of the CYP3A4 probe drug midazolam by 38% compared with standard rifampicin doses (10mg/kg) [8].