In terms of miRNA regulatory mechanisms, miR-181c-5p effectively inhibited microglia overactivation in a sepsis model by targeting high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), while decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and decreasing hippocampal neuronal apoptosis (Li et al., 2021). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Sepsis.